Dynatrace for AI — скилл

---
name: dt-dql-essentials
description: "Core DQL syntax, pitfalls, query patterns, and query optimization. Load to write, build, fix, or OPTIMIZE a DQL query — prevents syntax errors and makes queries faster, more efficient, and cheaper (less data scanned = lower query consumption/cost per run). Covers fetch commands, data models, field namespaces, time alignment, entity/smartscape patterns, metric discovery, and performance/cost optimization (filter early, bucket filters, short time ranges, field selection, sampling, cardinality). Trigger: \"write/build/fix a DQL query\", \"DQL syntax\", \"query logs/spans/metrics\", \"create a timeseries\", \"optimize my DQL\", \"make my query faster/cheaper\", \"reduce DQL cost/consumption/scanned data\", \"keep DQL cost under control\". Do NOT use to explain an existing query or answer product questions. For MONITORING a tenant's ACTUAL query consumption/billing (how much queries cost, who scanned most, cost trends) use dt-platform-costs — this tunes the query text, not billing data."
license: Apache-2.0
---

# DQL Essentials Skill

DQL is a pipeline-based query language. Queries chain commands with `|` to filter, transform, and aggregate data. DQL has unique syntax that differs from SQL — load this skill before writing any DQL query.

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## When to Load References

Before working on specific tasks, load the relevant reference:

| Task                                                                          | Required Reading                                                                             |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Discovering data | [references/discovery.md](references/discovery.md) |   
| Field names, namespaces, data models, stability levels, query patterns        | [references/semantic-dictionary.md](references/semantic-dictionary.md)                       |
| Query optimization — make a query faster / more efficient / cheaper, reduce consumption & scanned data (filter early, bucket filters, time ranges, field selection, sampling, cardinality) | [references/optimization.md](references/optimization.md)                                     |
| Smartscape topology navigation for discovering relationships between entities | [references/smartscape-topology-navigation.md](references/smartscape-topology-navigation.md) |
| `summarize` and `makeTimeseries` patterns (bucketing, calendar months)        | [references/summarization.md](references/summarization.md)                                   |
| Array and timeseries manipulation (`arrayFilter`, `collectArray`, iterative)  | [references/iterative-expressions.md](references/iterative-expressions.md)                   |
| Conditional logic (`if/else` chains), `coalesce`, string/date helpers         | [references/useful-expressions.md](references/useful-expressions.md)                         |
| `in` operator (subquery), full `@` time alignment unit table                  | [references/operators.md](references/operators.md)                                           |
| `matchesValue`, `matchesPhrase`, `matchesPattern`, `in()` — string pattern matching, regex, array matching, wildcards, case sensitivity | [references/string-matching.md](references/string-matching.md)                               |

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## DQL Reference Index

Use this index to route from a function group (e.g. time functions, conversions) to its detailed spec, or from a function name to its spec file.

| Description | Items |
|-------------|-------|
| [Data Types](references/dql/dql-data-types.md) | `array`, `binary`, `boolean`, `double`, `duration`, `long`, `record`, `string`, `timeframe`, `timestamp`, `uid` |
| [Parameter Value Types](references/dql/dql-parameter-value-types.md) | `bucket`, `dataObject`, `dplPattern`, `entityAttribute`, `entitySelector`, `entityType`, `enum`, `executionBlock`, `expressionTimeseriesAggregation`, `expressionWithConstantValue`, `expressionWithFieldAccess`, `fieldPattern`, `filePattern`, `identifierForAnyField`, `identifierForEdgeType`, `identifierForFieldOnRootLevel`, `identifierForNodeType`, `joinCondition`, `jsonPath`, `metricKey`, `metricTimeseriesAggregation`, `namelessDplPattern`, `nonEmptyExecutionBlock`, `prefix`, `primitiveValue`, `simpleIdentifier`, `tabularFileExisting`, `tabularFileNew`, `url` |
| [Commands](references/dql/dql-commands.md) | `append`, `data`, `dedup`, `describe`, `expand`, `fetch`, `fields`, `fieldsAdd`, `fieldsFlatten`, `fieldsKeep`, `fieldsRemove`, `fieldsRename`, `fieldsSnapshot`, `fieldsSummary`, `filter`, `filterOut`, `join`, `joinNested`, `limit`, `load`, `lookup`, `makeTimeseries`, `metrics`, `parse`, `search`, `smartscapeEdges`, `smartscapeNodes`, `sort`, `summarize`, `timeseries`, `traverse` |
| [Functions — Aggregation](references/dql/dql-functions-aggregation.md) | `avg`, `collectArray`, `collectDistinct`, `correlation`, `count`, `countDistinct`, `countDistinctApprox`, `countDistinctExact`, `countIf`, `max`, `median`, `min`, `percentRank`, `percentile`, `percentileFromSamples`, `percentiles`, `stddev`, `sum`, `takeAny`, `takeFirst`, `takeLast`, `takeMax`, `takeMin`, `variance` |
| [Functions — Array](references/dql/dql-functions-array.md) | `arrayAvg`, `arrayConcat`, `arrayCumulativeSum`, `arrayDelta`, `arrayDiff`, `arrayDistinct`, `arrayFirst`, `arrayFlatten`, `arrayIndexOf`, `arrayLast`, `arrayLastIndexOf`, `arrayMax`, `arrayMedian`, `arrayMin`, `arrayMovingAvg`, `arrayMovingMax`, `arrayMovingMin`, `arrayMovingSum`, `arrayPercentile`, `arrayRemoveNulls`, `arrayReverse`, `arraySize`, `arraySlice`, `arraySort`, `arraySum`, `arrayToString`, `vectorCosineDistance`, `vectorInnerProductDistance`, `vectorL1Distance`, `vectorL2Distance` |
| [Functions — Bitwise](references/dql/dql-functions-bitwise.md) | `bitwiseAnd`, `bitwiseCountOnes`, `bitwiseNot`, `bitwiseOr`, `bitwiseShiftLeft`, `bitwiseShiftRight`, `bitwiseXor` |
| [Functions — Boolean](references/dql/dql-functions-boolean.md) | `exists`, `in`, `isFalseOrNull`, `isNotNull`, `isNull`, `isTrueOrNull`, `isUid128`, `isUid64`, `isUuid` |
| [Functions — Cast](references/dql/dql-functions-cast.md) | `asArray`, `asBinary`, `asBoolean`, `asDouble`, `asDuration`, `asIp`, `asLong`, `asNumber`, `asRecord`, `asSmartscapeId`, `asString`, `asTimeframe`, `asTimestamp`, `asUid` |
| [Functions — Constant](references/dql/dql-functions-constant.md) | `e`, `pi` |
| [Functions — Conversion](references/dql/dql-functions-conversion.md) | `toArray`, `toBoolean`, `toDouble`, `toDuration`, `toIp`, `toLong`, `toSmartscapeId`, `toString`, `toTimeframe`, `toTimestamp`, `toUid`, `toVariant` |
| [Functions — Create](references/dql/dql-functions-create.md) | `array`, `duration`, `ip`, `record`, `smartscapeId`, `timeframe`, `timestamp`, `timestampFromUnixMillis`, `timestampFromUnixNanos`, `timestampFromUnixSeconds`, `uid128`, `uid64`, `uuid` |
| [Functions — Cryptographic](references/dql/dql-functions-cryptographic.md) | `hashCrc32`, `hashMd5`, `hashSha1`, `hashSha256`, `hashSha512`, `hashXxHash32`, `hashXxHash64` |
| [Functions — Entities](references/dql/dql-functions-entities.md) | `classicEntitySelector`, `entityAttr`, `entityName` |
| [Functions — Time series aggregation for expressions](references/dql/dql-functions-expression-timeseries.md) | `avg`, `count`, `countDistinct`, `countDistinctApprox`, `countDistinctExact`, `countIf`, `end`, `max`, `median`, `min`, `percentRank`, `percentile`, `percentileFromSamples`, `start`, `sum` |